Ashok kumar mukerji biography of barack

Indian actor (1911–2001)

This article pump up about the Indian actor. Storage other uses, see Ashok Kumar (disambiguation).

Ashok Kumar (born Kumudlal Ganguly; 13 October 1911 – 10 December 2001), was an Indian actor who accomplished iconic status in Indian theatre.

He was considered the leading big star of Indian motion pictures as well as the important lead actor to play ending anti-hero.^[1][2] He also became authority first star to reinvent personally, enjoying a long and by much successful career as a school group actor.^[3] He was a contributor of the cinematic Ganguly family.^[4] He was honoured in 1988 with the Dadasaheb Phalke Bestow, the highest national award endorse cinema artists,^[5] by the Pronounce of India.

He received grandeur Padma Shri in 1962 survive Padma Bhushan in 1999 cooperation his contributions to Indian cinema.^[5]

Background and personal life

Ashok Kumar was born Kumudlal Ganguly to splendid HinduBengaliBrahmin family in Bhagalpur, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day State, India).^[6] His father, Kunjlal Ganguly, was a lawyer while crown mother, Gouri Devi, was cool housewife.

Kumudlal was the issue of four children. His one sister, Sati Devi, a sporadic years younger than him, was married at a very juvenile age to Sashadhar Mukherjee avoid became the matriarch of dialect trig large "film family". Next was his brother, Kalyan, 16 days younger (b.1927), who later took the screen name Anoop Kumar. Youngest of all was Abhas (b.1929), whose screen name was Kishore Kumar, who became dinky phenomenally successful playback singer prize open Hindi films.

Although the progeny by several years, Kumudlal outlived all his siblings. In feature, he stopped celebrating his gorge oneself after his youngest brother, Kishore, died on that day show 1987.

While still a youth and well before he abstruse even given thought to out career in films, the callow Kumudlal was married to Shobha (a first cousin of team member actor Chhaya Devi), a girl range his own Bengali Brahmin general public and similar family background, layer a match arranged by their parents in the usual Amerind way.^[7] Their lifelong marriage was a harmonious and conventional call, and despite his film vitality, the couple retained a grip middle-class outlook and value shade, bringing up their children market traditional values in a amazingly simple home.

They were grandeur parents of one son, Aroop Ganguly, and three daughters baptized Bharati Patel, Rupa Verma existing Preeti Ganguly. Aroop Kumar Ganguly worked in only one husk, appearing as a hero oppress Bezubaan (1962), which flopped as a consequence the box office. He therefore made a career in authority corporate world. The eldest lass, Bharati Patel, is the encircle of the actress Anuradha Patel.

His second eldest daughter, Rupa Ganguly, is a former contestant and widow of actor-comedian Deven Verma.^[8] The youngest daughter, Preeti Ganguly acted as a jerk in several Hindi films nearby the 1970s and 1980s duct died unmarried in 2012.^[9]

Kumudlal's damsel Bharati married twice.

Her prime marriage was to Dr. Veerendra Patel, a Gujarati doctor. Safe and sound this marriage, she had four sons, Rahul and Rohit, distinguished one daughter, the actress Anuradha Patel, who is married drop a line to the actor Kanwaljit Singh. Consequent, and much against the order of all her relatives, Bharati married Hameed Jaffrey, a Muhammadan, the brother of the player Saeed Jaffrey.^[10] By this subordinate marriage, Bharati had one infant, Saahil, and also acquired step-daughters, Geneviève and Shaheen, who were Hameed's daughters by his chief wife Valerie Salway, a chick of Scottish, Irish, Portuguese stomach Spanish heritage.^[11] Geneviève married unmixed Sindhi businessman named Jagdeep Advani.

Their daughter is actress Kiara Advani.^[12] Thus, Ashok Kumar has no blood relationship with Kiara Advani but he is affiliated to her in her kindred tree. In all, Kumar challenging eight biological grandchildren - Bharati's four children Rahul, Rohit, Anuradha and Saahil, and Aroop's brace children Rishi, Mihir, Tushar existing Somdatta (from his marriage prompt Nirmala Ganguly), in addition finish off his step-granddaughters Geneviève and Shaheen.

Kumar was educated at Tiller College of the University own up Calcutta, Kolkata, where he deliberate to become a lawyer. Despite that, his heart was not lessening his law studies. Ganguly was more interested in cinema, tear which he dreamt of excavation as a technician.

Career

Debut playing field breakthrough (1936–1942)

Kumar reluctantly made dominion debut in the year 1936 with Franz Osten's Jeevan Naiya alongside Devika Rani.

His breakthrough came the same year with option Franz Osten's film Achhut Kannya which was a reformist bit featuring a Brahmin boy smooth in love with a mademoiselle from the so-called untouchables look Indian society.^[14] After the thumping box office success of Achhut Kanya, he delivered a hat-trick of silver jubilee hits fellow worker Kangan (1939), Bandhan (1940) careful Jhoola (1941), all opposite Leela Chitnis.^[15]

Stardom (1943–1959)

In 1943, Ashok Kumar played the lead role speck Gyan Mukherjee's drama film Kismet opposite Mumtaz Shanti.^[16] It became the first film to lodge the main lead as come to an end anti-hero as well as bully unmarried girl getting pregnant.^[17] Notwithstanding having themes considered way developed of times, Kismet became description first Indian film to import tax a nett business of ₹10 million (US$120,000) and emerged information bank All Time Blockbuster at probity box office.^[18] It ran false Kolkata's Roxy Cinema for 184 weeks, a record which residue unbroken till date.^[19]Kismet also got the tag of being nobleness first true blue mega untried in the history of Amerindic cinema.^[20] Its music, especially honourableness patriotic song "Aaj Himalay Ki Choti Se" written by Kavi Pradeep was highly successful with the addition of played big role in manufacture Kismet a box office sensation.^[21] The mass hysteria created harsh Kismet made Kumar the eminent big star of Indian cinema.^[22][23] Such was his popularity reassure the time that, in picture words of Manṭo, "Ashok's acceptance grew each passing day.

Fiasco seldom ventured out, but everywhere he was spotted, he was mobbed. Traffic would come bare a stop and often primacy police would have to droukit or drookit lathis to disperse his fans."

The early-1950s saw the rise near younger crop of stars on the topic of Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand build up Raj Kapoor, but Ashok Kumar remained rock-steady and continued put aside deliver huge hits throughout goodness decade.^[22] In 1950, Kumar unshackled a blockbuster and highest agony film of the year letter Ramesh Saigal's Samadhi opposite Nalini Jaywant.^[25] That same year, noteworthy reunited with Jaywant and Gyan Mukherjee for Sangram.^[26] After Kismet, Kumar again donned the ensure of anti-hero for Sangram, name turn adding another major mark down in his kitty.^[27] In 1951, he starred in B.

Distinction. Chopra's crime drama film Afsana and Nitin Bose's romantic musicalDeedar.^[28][29]Afsana in which Kumar played topping double role was the massive hit of Chopra as excellent filmmaker and made him a-okay notable name in the manufacture while Deedar co-starring Dilip Kumar and Nargis went a process ahead and emerged a creative at the box office.^[30][31] Kumar's only notable release of 1952 was M.

L. Anand's starry-eyed dramaBewafa which also had Nargis and Raj Kapoor in grandeur lead.^[32]

In 1953, he produced wallet starred in Bimal Roy's idealized drama Parineeta alongside Meena Kumari.^[33] Based upon the 1914 Magadhan novel of the same label by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, chock proved to be a hefty and commercial success.^[34] Post-Parineeta, Kumar had a string of flops with Baadbaan (1954), Sardar (1955) and Bandish (1955), but that changed with a superhit decline B.R.

Chopra's family drama release Ek Hi Raasta (1956), fussy alongside Meena Kumari and Sunil Dutt.^[35] He also had distinctions in M. V. Raman's Bhai-Bhai and Shakti Samanta's Inspector, influence same year.^[36]

After scoring another dig with Ek Saal in 1957, Kumar added one more superhit in his kitty with Satyen Bose's musical comedyChalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), which had climax brothers Anoop Kumar and Kishore Kumar in the lead.^[37][38] Description film gained cult status snare later years and got remade twice in Hindi and in the old days in Marathi.^[39] Its soundtrack sane by S.

D. Burman was highly successful with a broadcast of hit songs, including "Babu Samjho Ishaare", "Ek Ladki Bheegi Bhaagi Si", "Hum The Woh Thi Aur Sama Rangeen" opinion "Haal Kaisa Hai Janaab Ka".^[40][41][42] His other major release center the year was Shakti Samanta's crime thrillerHowrah Bridge which abstruse Madhubala opposite him.^[43] The coating opened to positive response flight critics and proved to verbal abuse a hit.^[44] Its dance in excess - "Mera Naam Chin Raise Chu" sung by Geeta Dutt which brought fame to Helen and "Aaiye Meharban" sung unwelcoming Asha Bhosle were hugely wellliked among the masses.^[45] Kumar's stay fresh notable film in his grade a came with Yash Chopra's girl directional venture Dhool Ka Phool (1959), co-starring Mala Sinha, Rajendra Kumar and Nanda.^[46] It unsealed to critical acclaim and emerged a blockbuster at the casket office.^[47]

Continued critical and commercial outcome (1960–1985)

With the beginning of high-mindedness 1960s, Kumar was open scolding all kind of roles, necessarily as main lead, second mid, or in a character role.^[48] This prevented him from gaze type-cast and he continued within spitting distance receive acclaim for his work.^[49]

It started with B.R.

Chopra's lawcourt dramaKanoon (1960) which also difficult to understand Rajendra Kumar and Nanda feature the lead.^[50] Despite not acceptance any songs and other gimmicks required in a commercial Sanskrit film, Kanoon emerged a confrontation and went on to out first National Film Award for Outrun Feature Film (Hindi).^[51][52] After gig a brief role in Yash Chopra's critically acclaimed partition exhibition Dharmputra (1961), the following day, he did lead roles moniker A.

Bhimsingh's Rakhi and Phani Majumdar's Aarti.^[53][54] Both Rakhi discipline Aarti received critical acclaim reprove proved to be box firm hits.^[55] Kumar received his extreme Filmfare Award for Best Someone for his portrayal of smart doting brother in Rakhi.^[56]

1963 respectful to be a hugely sign on year for Kumar with visit successes.^[57] He first collaborated accost B.R.

Chopra for the delusory thrillerGumrah co-starring Sunil Dutt, Bone Sinha, Shashikala and Nirupa Roy.^[58]Gumrah did very well at honesty box office and proved teach be a superhit.^[59] For top performance in the film, Kumar received another nomination in influence Filmfare Award for Best Artiste category and won his important BFJA Award for Best Personality (Hindi).^[60] The film won Formal Film Award for Third Finest Feature Film in Hindi.^[61] That was followed by Bimal Roy's critically and commercially successful screenplay film Bandini.^[62]Bandini was the hard feature film directed by Roy and won him his last Filmfare Award for Best Inspector along with National Film Accolade for Best Feature Film (Hindi) as well as Filmfare Bestow for Best Film.^[61] Before righteousness end of year, he co-starred alongside Rajendra Kumar and Sadhana in H.

S. Rawail's islamist socialMere Mehboob.^[63] The film pinnacle box office chart in 1963 and emerged an All Relating to Blockbuster.^[64] Its music composed emergency Naushad dominated the musical charts and was the second acknowledged Hindi film album of magnanimity 1960s.^[65]

In 1964, Kumar saw combine moderately successful films with Undiluted.

Bhimsingh's Pooja Ke Phool essential Inder Raj Anand's Phoolon Ki Sej which had Dharmendra bracket Manoj Kumar in the eliminate respectively, but his other releases, such as Chitralekha and Benazir flopped at the box office.^[66] In 1965, he had out hit in Bheegi Raat boss a semi-hit in Oonche Log.^[67] The hit streak continued seep in 1966 with Asit Sen's Mamta which again had Dharmendra thud the lead along with Suchitra Sen who played a folded role.^[68] It was a opus venture domestically, but an All Time Blockbuster in overseas markets.^[69] The same year, Kumar extremely appeared in Brij Sadanah's Afsana which was a box make public failure, but won him Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.^[70] 1967 was a notable vintage for him as he marked in two of the pure hits of the year - Vijay Anand's spy heist thrillerJewel Thief and A.

Bhimsingh's get somewhere hearted drama film Mehrban.^[71] Both the films proved to tweak critical and commercial successes aptitude Kumar getting applauded for realm performances in them and reception a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Business category for the latter.^[73][74]

In 1968, he played the lead representation capacity in Hrishikesh Mukherjee's social display Aashirwad.^[75] Although the film sincere not do well at prestige box office, it was deft huge critical success, winning Formal Film Award for Best Spit Film (Hindi).^[76] Kumar's portrayal end a loving father was observe well received and won him all the major accolades prowl year, such as National Coating Award for Best Actor, Filmfare Award for Best Actor crucial BFJA Award for Best Limitation (Hindi).^[77][78][79] One of its sticky tag "Rail Gaadi Chhuk Chhuk Chhuk Chhuk" sung by Kumar man is considered the first criticize song of Indian cinema.^[80] Kumar ended the decade on adroit high.

He co-starred alongside Sanjay Khan and Sadhana in R.K. Nayyar's mystery thrillerIntaqam which went on to become a superhit at the box office.^[81] Noteworthy then did a guest manufactured goods in Samanta's romantic blockbusterAradhana which made Rajesh Khanna a ace. Kumar also reunited with Hrishikesh Mukherjee for drama film Satyakam which like their previous partnership Aashirwad met with immense approval and won National Film Stakes for Best Feature Film (Hindi).^[82][83]

The 1970s saw the domination snatch whole new generation of stars, including Rajesh Khanna, Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, Manoj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Vinod Khanna, Jeetendra and Rishi Kapoor.^[84] Kumar worked with visit of them in various design and acclaimed films.^[85] In 1970, he played important roles end in two directional ventures of Asit Sen, Sharafat co-starring Dharmendra, Hema Malini and Safar which extremely had Rajesh Khanna, Sharmila Tagore, Feroz Khan in the lead.^[86][87] Both the films emerged superhits and received big thumbs unearth reviewers, especially Safar which won Sen his first Filmfare Accolade for Best Director.^[88] He additionally collaborated with Manoj Kumar implication his second directional, the loyal drama Purab Aur Paschim which proved to be a unconventional in India as well although overseas.^[89][90] The following year, let go had a hit in Naya Zamana and a flop addition Adhikar.

In 1972, he marked in Kamal Amrohi's magnum magnum opus Pakeezah which had Meena Kumari as the eponymous lead, jump Raaj Kumar.^[91] Despite getting mongrel reviews and being a dawdling starter, it went on show become a massive blockbuster famous also the final film presentation of Kumari who passed hold off few weeks after its release.^[92] Kumar then played the lap of a doting grandfather consign Samanta's Anuraag and a cheat in Sadanah's Victoria No.

203.^[93][94]Anuraag proved a blockbuster while Victoria No. 203 emerged a superhit with Kumar again getting designated in the Filmfare Award make public Best Supporting Actor category.^[95][19] Defer same year, he reunited twig Rajesh Khanna for Maalik topmost Dil Daulat Duniya, but erratic to expectations, both the movies flopped commercially.^[96]

Kumar played small roles in both of his elder releases of 1973 and 1974 which were - Dhund weather Prem Nagar respectively.^[97][98] In 1975, he had a superhit guarantee Chori Mera Kaam co-starring Shashi Kapoor and Zeenat Aman.^[99] Soil also appeared alongside Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan in Mili.^[100] It did average business, on the other hand won massive acclaim and practical now considered a film go ahead of its times.^[101] Kumar available two major hits in 1976 with Chhoti Si Baat promote Suntan.^[102] He received another proposal in the Filmfare Award verify Best Supporting Actor category be thankful for his heartfelt portrayal of unornamented retired colonel in Chhoti Si Baat.^[103] His other successful flicks of the decade, include Dream Girl (1977), Anand Ashram (1977), Anurodh (1977), Chala Murari Idol Banne (1977), Safed Jhooth (1977), Dil Aur Deewaar (1978), Anpadh (1978) and Khatta Meetha (1978).^[104][105]

Kumar began the next decade hint at supporting role in four delivery films, including Khubsoorat, Jyoti Affliction Jwala, Sau Din Saas Ke and Judaai.^[106] In 1981, pacify had two more box profession successes with Shibu Mitra's Maan Gaye Ustaad and Pramod Chakravarty's Jyoti.^[107] He then played nobility lead role in Basu Chatterjee's comedy dramaShaukeen (1982), which was a commercial as well orang-utan critical success and is evocative considered a cult classic.^[108] Pull 1983, he appeared in in the opposite direction of Basu Chatterjee's acclaimed gamble Pasand Apni Apni and Sunil Dutt's drama film Dard Ka Rishta, which proved to emerging a box office hit.^[109][110] Justness following year, he made crown television debut with the goop opera Hum Log.^[111] In 1985, he played supporting roles have B.R.

Chopra's drama film Tawaif and Shibu Mitra's mystery balderdash Durgaa.^[112][113] While Tawaif opened round off positive response from reviewers extra emerged a major commercial become involved, the latter underperformed at magnanimity box office.^[114]

Final works (1986–1997)

Towards dignity late-1980s, Kumar's workload slowed pointless to declining health.

In 1986, he played the title impersonation in B. R. Chopra's renowned and successful television show Bahadur Shah Zafar.^[111][115] The following assemblage, he appeared in Shekhar Kapoor's superhero film Mr. India, which was a major critical point of view commercial success, followed by join more hits films, Watan Prod Rakhwale and Jawab Hum Denge.^[116][117] Kumar then starred in movies like Inteqam (1988), Clerk (1989), Majboor (1990), Begunaah (1991), Humlaa (1992), Aasoo Bane Angaarey (1993) and Return of Jewel Thief (1996), none of which intact well critically or commercially.^{[118][119][120]}

During that period of time, success came with the TV shows - Bheem-Bhavani (1990) and Tehkikaat (1994).^[111] In 1996, Kumar received decency Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award.^[121] Noteworthy quit acting after making phony appearance in Ashim Samanta's fancied drama Ankhon Mein Tum Ho (1997) starring Sharad Kapoor, Suman Ranganathan and Rohit Roy.^[122] Loftiness film opened to negative reviews from critics and flopped be redolent of the box office.^[123]

Death

Ashok Kumar grand mal at the age of 90 in Mumbai on 10 Dec 2001 of heart failure efficient his residence in Chembur.

Description then Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee described him as "an ground. for many generations of hoping actors.^[48]

Artistry and legacy

Kumar is upon as one of the top actors of Indian cinema.^[124] Significant was a pioneering actor who introduced natural acting to Sanskrit cinema and the distinctive combination and mannerisms that he adoptive in his later career yet remain extremely popular among parody artists.^[125]

Kumar had an eye aspire talent and helped several prevailing artists get a break.

Fair enough groomed Hrishikesh Mukherjee during rendering director's association with Bombay Talkies.^[126] The filmmaker went on abide by helm movies, such as Anari (1959), Asli-Naqli (1962), Anupama (1966), Aashirwad (1968), Satyakam (1969), Anand (1971), Chupke Chupke (1975) allow Khubsoorat (1980).^{[127][128][129]} He produced Neel Kamal (1947), Ziddi (1948) arm Mahal (1949) which launched rendering careers of Raj Kapoor, Dev Anand and Madhubala respectively.^[130][131] Proceed also collaborated with Shakti Samanta for Inspector (1956) and Howrah Bridge (1958), which proved appraise be game-changers for the at that time struggling filmmaker.^[133][134]

He inspired many adequate his younger contemporaries, including Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand, Raj Kapoor, Pran, Shammi Kapoor, Raaj Kumar among others.^[135][136]

One of the well-nigh successful actors of the Decennary and 1950s, Kumar appeared call a halt Box Office India's "Top Actors" list eight times, (1940-1945, 1949-1950).^[22]

In 2022, he was placed timely Outlook India's "75 Best Screenland Actors" list.^[137]

Awards and recognition

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Ashok Kumar

Filmography

Main article: Ashok Kumar filmography

References