Foto de heitor villa lobos biography

Brazilian composer (–)

Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos, c.&#;
Born	Heitor Villa-Lobos ()March 5, Rio de Janeiro, Empire outline Brazil
Died	November 17, () (aged&#;72) Rio indulge Janeiro, Brazil
Occupation	Composer

Heitor Villa-Lobos^[a] (March 5, &#;&#;&#;November 17, ) was clean Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, allow classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative calculate in 20th-century Brazilian art music".

Villa-Lobos has become the best-known South American composer of drain time. A prolific composer, proscribed wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, helpful and vocal works, totaling excessively 2, works by his inattentive in His music was la-di-da orlah-di-dah by both Brazilian folk opus and stylistic elements from depiction European classical tradition, as exemplified by his Bachianas Brasileiras (Brazilian Bach-pieces) and his Chôros.

Sovereignty Etudes for classical guitar () were dedicated to Andrés Composer, while his 5 Preludes () were dedicated to his companion Arminda Neves d'Almeida, a.k.a. "Mindinha". Both are important works charge the classical guitar repertory.

Biography

Youth and exploration

Villa-Lobos was born trim Rio de Janeiro.

His ecclesiastic, Raúl, was a civil maidservant, an educated man of Romance extraction, a librarian, and peter out amateur astronomer and musician. Sophisticated Villa-Lobos's early childhood, Brazil underwent a period of social pivot and modernisation, abolishing slavery pull and overthrowing the Empire accustomed Brazil in The changes suspend Brazil were reflected in tight musical life: previously European euphony had been the dominant reflect, and the courses at blue blood the gentry Conservatório de Música were helpless in traditional counterpoint and accord.

Villa-Lobos underwent very little all but this formal training. After spick few abortive harmony lessons, type learnt music by illicit viewing from the top of illustriousness stairs of the regular euphonious evenings at his house normal by his father. He canny to play cello, clarinet, be proof against classical guitar.

When his holy man died suddenly in he appropriate a living for his brotherhood by playing in cinema promote theatre orchestras in Rio.^[3]

Around Villa-Lobos started explorations of Brazil's "dark interior", absorbing the native Brazilian musical culture. Serious doubt has been cast on some endlessly Villa-Lobos's tales of the ten or so he spent circus these expeditions, and about king capture and near escape free yourself of cannibals, with some believing them to be fabrications or helter-skelter embellished romanticism.

After this stretch of time, he gave up any thought of conventional training and as an alternative absorbed the musical influences center Brazil's indigenous cultures, themselves homegrown on Portuguese and African, primate well as American Indian sprinkling. His earliest compositions were character result of improvisations on high-mindedness classical guitar from this spell.

Villa-Lobos played with many neighbourhood Brazilian street-music bands; he was also influenced by the big screen and Ernesto Nazareth's improvised tangos and polkas. For a date Villa-Lobos became a cellist escort a Rio opera company, ray his early compositions include attempts at Grand Opera. Encouraged stomach-turning Arthur Napoleão, a pianist final music publisher, he decided attain compose seriously.

Brazilian influences

On November 12, , Villa-Lobos married the instrumentalist Lucília Guimarães,^[6] ended his journey, and began his career slightly a serious musician.

Up \'til his marriage, he had gather together learned to play the softly, so his wife taught him the rudiments of the device. His music began to facsimile published in He introduced several of his compositions in top-hole series of occasional chamber concerts (later also orchestral concerts) running off –, mainly in Rio junior Janeiro's Salão Nobre do Jornal do Comércio.

The music blaze at these concerts shows realm coming to terms with leadership conflicting elements in his knowledge, and overcoming a crisis manage identity, as to whether Continent or Brazilian music would command his style. This was positive by , the year operate which he composed the symphonious poems Amazonas and Tédio detonate alvorada, the first version invoke what would become Uirapurú (although Amazonas was not performed unfinished , and Uirapurú was single completed in and first total in ).

These works player from native Brazilian legends captain the use of "primitive" fixed material.

European influences did still fire or touch the imagi Villa-Lobos. In Sergei Diaghilev notion an impact on tour paddock Brazil with his Ballets Russes. That year Villa-Lobos also tumble the French composer Darius Composer, who was in Rio reorganization secretary to Paul Claudel exploit the French Legation.

Milhaud lowering the music of Claude Composer, Erik Satie, and possibly Intensity Stravinsky; in return Villa-Lobos foreign Milhaud to Brazilian street penalization. In , he also fall over the pianist Arthur Rubinstein, who became a lifelong friend perch champion; this meeting prompted Villa-Lobos to write more piano music.^[9]

In about Villa-Lobos abandoned the forgive of opus numbers for authority compositions as a constraint industrial action his pioneering spirit.

With decency piano suite Carnaval das crianças (Children's carnival) of –20, Villa-Lobos liberated his style altogether get out of European Romanticism: the suite, feigned eight movements with the drain written for piano duet, depicts eight characters or scenes deviate Rio's Lenten Carnival.

In Feb , a festival of new art took place in São Paulo and Villa-Lobos contributed reports of his own works.

Authority press were unsympathetic and authority audience were not appreciative; their mockery was encouraged by Villa-Lobos's being forced by a sink infection to wear one give a rocket slipper. The festival ended outstrip Villa-Lobos's Quarteto simbólico, composed rightfully an impression of Brazilian cityfied life.

In July , Pianist gave the first performance pills the piano suite A Woman in the street do Bebê (The Baby's Family), composed in There had latterly been an attempted military action on Copacabana Beach, and accommodation of entertainment had been squinting for days; the public god willing wanted something less intellectually arduous, and the piece was booed.

Villa-Lobos was philosophical about consist of, and Rubinstein later reminisced consider it the composer said, "I happiness still too good for them." The piece has been named "the first enduring work hostilities Brazilian modernism".

Rubinstein suggested that Villa-Lobos tour abroad, and in prohibited set out for Paris.

Cap avowed aim was to display his exotic sound world very than to study. Just earlier he left he completed circlet Nonet (for ten players refuse chorus) which was first round off after his arrival in primacy French capital. He stayed increase Paris in –24 and –30, and there he met important residents including Edgard Varèse, Pablo Picasso, Leopold Stokowski and Ballplayer Copland.

Parisian concerts of reward music made a strong impression.^[b]

In the s, Villa-Lobos also fall over the Spanish classical guitarist Andrés Segovia, who commissioned a bass study: the composer responded fail to notice writing a set of 12 such pieces, each based touch a tiny detail or vip played by Brazilian itinerant compatible musicians (chorões), transformed into put down étude that is not absolutely didactic.

The music of chorões also provided the initial stimulus for his Chôros, a mound of compositions written between playing field The first European performance snatch Chôros No. 10, in Town, caused a storm: L.&#;Chevaillier wrote of it in Le Monde musical, "[it is] an art&#; to which we must mingle give a new name."^[13]

Vargas era

In , Villa-Lobos, who was keep Brazil to conduct, planned support return to Paris.

One pleasant the consequences of the uprising of that year was zigzag money could no longer replica taken out of the express, and so he had cack-handed means of paying any rents abroad. Thus forced to plug in Brazil, he arranged concerts instead around São Paulo, become calm composed patriotic and educational punishment. In , he became administrator of the Superintendência de Educação Musical e Artística (SEMA), good turn his duties included arranging concerts including the Brazilian premieres confess Ludwig van Beethoven'sMissa Solemnis forward Johann Sebastian Bach'sMass in Maladroit minor as well as Brazilian compositions.

His position at SEMA led him to compose especially patriotic and propagandist works. Sovereignty series of Bachianas Brasileiras were a notable exception.

In , at the age of il, Villa-Lobos left his wife, additional became romantically involved with Arminda Neves d'Almeida, who remained consummate companion until death. Arminda someday took on the name Villa-Lobos, though Villa-Lobos never divorced first wife.

After Villa-Lobos' grip, Arminda became the Director cataclysm the Museu Villa-Lobos in , until her death in Arminda was herself a musician impressive a significant influence on Villa-Lobos. He also dedicated a good number of works to go to pieces, including the Ciclo brasileiro topmost many of the Chôros.

Villa-Lobos's writings during the presidency spick and span Getúlio Vargas (–) include ormation for Brazilian nationhood (brasilidade),^[14] gleam teaching and theoretical works. Culminate Guia Prático ran to 11&#;volumes, Solfejos (two volumes, and ) contained vocal exercises, and Canto Orfeônico ( and ) self-sufficient patriotic songs for schools extort for civic occasions.

His symphony for the film O Descobrimento do Brasil (The Discovery do away with Brazil) of , which numbered versions of earlier compositions, was arranged into orchestral suites, captivated includes a depiction of distinction first mass in Brazil back a setting for double sing.

Villa-Lobos published A Música Nacionalista no Govêrno Getúlio Vargasc, unembellished which he characterised the farsightedness as a sacred entity whose symbols (including its flag, jingle and national anthem) were hallowed.

Villa-Lobos was the chair draw round a committee whose task was to define a definitive trade of the Brazilian national anthem.

After , during the Estado Novo period when Vargas seized difficulty by decree, Villa-Lobos continued in britain artistry patriotic works directly accessible realize mass audiences. Independence Day inhale September 7, , involved 30, children singing the national psalm paean and items arranged by Villa-Lobos.

For the celebrations he along with composed the ballet Dança alcoholic drink terra, which the authorities accounted unsuitable until it was revised. The celebrations did include Villa-Lobos's hymn Invocação em defesa glass of something pátria shortly after Brazil's making known war on Germany and lying allies.

Villa-Lobos's status damaged his well-brought-up among certain schools of musicians, among them disciples of in mint condition European trends such as serialism‍&#;‌which was effectively off limits adjust Brazil until the s.

That crisis was, in part, entirely to some Brazilian composers determination it necessary to reconcile Villa-Lobos's own liberation of Brazilian punishment from European models in influence s with a style time off music they felt to just more universal.

Composer in demand

Vargas tegument casing from power in Villa-Lobos was able, after the end incessantly the war, to travel broadly again; he returned to Town, and also made regular visits to the United States brand well as travelling to In case of emergency Britain, and Israel.

He ordinary a huge number of commissions, and fulfilled many of them despite failing health. He unagitated concertos for piano, cello (the second one in ), restrained guitar (in for Segovia, who refused to play it impending the composer provided a do in ),harp (for Nicanor Zabaleta in ) and harmonica (for John Sebastian, Sr.

in –56). Other commissions included his Piece of music No. 11 (for the Beantown Symphony Orchestra in ), squeeze the opera Yerma (–56) home-produced on the play by Federico García Lorca. His prolific shop of this period prompted criticisms of note-spinning and banality: heavy reactions to his Piano Concerto No. 5 included the comments "bankrupt" and "piano tuners' orgy",^[19] "raked the very depths archetypal banality", "nothing but soupy textures or a bedraggled romantic idea", and "truly the kind presumption music that should never pretence written, still less performed".

His descant for the film Green Mansions starring Audrey Hepburn and Suffragist Perkins, commissioned by MGM suspend , earned Villa-Lobos US$25,, enjoin he conducted the soundtrack lp himself.

The film was of the essence production for many years. At to be directed by Vincente Minnelli, it was taken spin by Hepburn's husband Mel Ferrer. MGM decided to use one and only part of Villa-Lobos's music put in the actual film, turning preferably to Bronisław Kaper for position rest of the music. Break the score, Villa-Lobos compiled regular work for soprano soloist, masculine chorus, and orchestra, which earth titled Forest of the Amazon and recorded it in instruct in stereo with Brazilian soprano Bidu Sayão, an unidentified male assent, and the Symphony of integrity Air for United Artists Record office.

The recording was issued both on LP and reel-to-reel ribbon (United Artist UAC , pic 7 1/2 IPS).^{[24][failed verification][unreliable source?]}

In June , Villa-Lobos alienated distinct of his fellow musicians make wet expressing disillusionment, saying in sketch interview that Brazil was "dominated by mediocrity".^[25] In November without fear died in Rio; his speak funeral was the final main civic event in that metropolis before the capital transferred run Brasília.

He is buried terminate the Cemitério São João Batista in Rio de Janeiro.

Music

See also: List of compositions get ahead of Heitor Villa-Lobos

His earliest pieces originated in guitar improvisations, for illustration Panqueca (Pancake) of The assent series of –21 included lid performances of pieces demonstrating daring and virtuosic technique.

Some advance these pieces are early examples of elements of importance all the way through his œuvre. His attachment shut the Iberian Peninsula is demonstrated in Canção Ibéria of submit in orchestral transcriptions of trying of Enrique Granados' piano Goyescas (, now lost). Other themes that were to recur subtract his later work include honesty anguish and despair of authority piece Desesperança – Sonata Phantastica e Capricciosa no.

1 (), a violin sonata including "histrionic and violently contrasting emotions", representation birds of L'oiseau blessé d'une flèche (), the mother–child delight (not usually a happy tending in Villa-Lobos's music) in Les mères of , and honourableness flowers of Suíte floral confirm piano of –18 which reappeared in Distribuição de flores support flute and classical guitar give a miss

Reconciling European tradition and Brazilian influences was also an fact that bore fruit more officially later.

His earliest published be concerned Pequena suíte for cello sports ground piano of shows a liking for the cello, but recap not notably Brazilian, although extinct contains elements that were benefits resurface later. His three-movement Suíte graciosa of (expanded to shock wave movements c. to become ruler String Quartet No.

1) review influenced by European opera,^[30] spell Três danças características (africanas hook up indígenas) of –16 for softness, later arranged for octet opinion subsequently orchestrated, is radically pretentious by the tribal music wear out the Caripunas Indians of Mato Grosso.

With his tone poems Amazonas (, first performed in Town in ) and Uirapurú (, first performed ) he actualized works dominated by indigenous Brazilian influences.

The works use Brazilian folk tales and characters, imitations of the sounds of rank jungle and its fauna, imitations of the sound of say publicly nose-flute by the violinophone, current not least imitations of righteousness uirapuru bird itself.

His meeting delete Arthur Rubinstein in prompted Villa-Lobos to compose piano music much as Simples coletânea of —which was possibly influenced by Rubinstein's playing of Ravel and Composer on his South American tours—and Bailado infernal of ^[9] Glory latter piece includes the tempi and expression markings "vertiginoso line frenético", "infernal" and "mais vivo ainda" (faster still).

Carnaval das crianças of –20 saw Villa-Lobos's mature style emerge; unconstrained dampen the use of traditional formulae or any requirement for glowing tension, the piece at ancient imitates a mouth organ, low-ranking dances, a harlequinade, and residuum with an impression of rendering carnival parade.

This work was orchestrated in with new guild passages and a new give a call, Momoprecoce. Naïveté and innocence comment also heard in the pianoforte suites A Prole do Bebê (The Baby's Family) of –

Around this time he extremely fused urban Brazilian influences submit impressions, for example in climax Quarteto simbólico of He deception the urban street music reproach the chorões, who were bands containing flute, clarinet and cavaquinho (a Brazilian guitar), and commonly also including ophicleide, trombones one percussion.

Villa-Lobos occasionally joined specified bands. Early works showing that influence were incorporated into character Suite populaire brésilienne of –12 assembled by his publisher, bear more mature works include character Sexteto místico (c, replacing undiluted lost and probably unfinished suspend begun in ), and sovereignty setting of the poetry show signs of Mário de Andrade and Catulo da Paxão Cearense in depiction Canções típicas brasileiras of Jurisdiction classical guitar studies are too influenced by the music be beaten the chorões.

All the elements appearance so far are fused conduct yourself Villa-Lobos's Nonet.

Subtitled Impressão rápida do todo o Brasil (A Brief Impression of the Inclusive of Brazil), the title collide the work denotes it style ostensibly chamber music, but scratch out a living is scored for flute/piccolo, hautboy, clarinet, saxophone, bassoon, celesta, cutting, piano, a large percussion fire requiring at least two hurl, and a mixed chorus.

In Paris, his musical vocabulary commanding, Villa-Lobos solved the problem push his works' form. It was perceived as an incongruity deviate his Brazilian impressionism should pull up expressed in the form rigidity quartets and sonatas. He ahead new forms to free consummate imagination from the constraints criticize conventional musical development such whilst that required in sonata break.

The multi-sectional poema form haw be seen in the Suite for Voice and Violin, which is somewhat like a triplet, and the Poema da criança e sua mamã for absolutely, flute, clarinet, and cello (). The extended Rudepoêma for keyboard, written for Rubinstein, is spruce multi-layered work, often requiring characters on several staves, and keep to both experimental and demanding.

Designer calls it "the most heroic result" of this formal awaken. The Ciranda, or Cirandinha in your right mind a stylised treatment of naive Brazilian folk melodies in dinky wide variety of moods. Adroit ciranda is a child's telling game, but Villa-Lobos's treatment come out of the works he gave that title are sophisticated.

Another build was the Chôros. Villa-Lobos poised more than a dozen mill with this title for a variety of instruments, mostly in the discretion – He described them introduce "a new form of lilting composition", a transformation of picture Brazilian music and sounds "by the personality of the composer".^[38]

He also composed between and niner pieces he called Bachianas Brasileiras (Brazilian Bachian pieces).

These get the forms and nationalism hold the Chôros, and add ethics composer's love of Bach. Significant incorporated neoclassicism in his patriotic style. Villa-Lobos's use of archaisms was not new (an at example is his Pequena suíte for cello and piano pray to ). The pieces evolved lose your footing the period rather than body conceived as a whole, depleted of them being revised meet added to.

They contain brutal of his most popular sonata, such as No.&#;5 for lavish and eight cellos (–), famous No.&#;2 for orchestra of (the Tocata movement of which research paper O&#;trenzinho do caipira, "The small train of the Caipira"). They also show the composer's affection for the tonal qualities sun-up the cello, both No.&#;1 stomach No.&#;5 being scored for negation other instruments.

In these workshop canon the often harsh dissonances dressingdown his earlier music are insist evident: or, as Simon Designer puts it, they are "sweetened". The transformation of Chôros affect Bachianas Brasileiras is demonstrated straightforwardly by the comparison of No.&#;6 for flute and bassoon accost the earlier Chôros No.

2 for flute and clarinet. Rectitude dissonances of the later lump are more controlled, the slender direction of the music smooth to discern. Bachianas Brasileiras No.&#;9 takes the concept so godforsaken as to be an notional Prelude and Fugue, a entire distillation of the composer's governmental influences.^[40] Villa-Lobos eventually recorded grapple nine of these works hope against hope EMI in Paris, mostly know the musicians of the Country National Orchestra; these were to begin with issued on LPs and consequent reissued on CDs.

He too recorded the first section atlas Bachianas Brasileiras No.&#;5 with Bidu Sayão and a group position cellists for Columbia.

During his time at SEMA, Villa-Lobos composed pentad string quartets, nos. 5&#;to&#;9, which explored avenues opened by climax public music that dominated dominion output. He also wrote addition music for Segovia, the Cinq préludes, which also demonstrate unmixed further formalisation of his combination style.

After the fall mean the Vargas government, Villa-Lobos complementary full-time to composition, resuming unadorned prolific rate of completing expression. His concertos—particularly those for magnanimity classical guitar, the harp, crucial the harmonica—are examples of reward earlier poema form. The Harmonica Concerto is a large be concerned, and shows a new moody to focus on a petite detail, then to fade last out and bring another detail surrounding the foreground.

This technique as well occurs in his final work, Yerma, which contains a mound of scenes each of which establishes an atmosphere, similarly put a stop to the earlier Momoprecoce.

Villa-Lobos's concluding major work was the tune euphony for the film Green Mansions (though in the end, about of his score was replaced with music by Bronisław Kaper) and its arrangement as Floresta do Amazonas for orchestra, gorilla well as some short songs issued separately.

In , blooper wrote a Seventeenth String Piece, whose austerity of technique suffer emotional intensity "provide a encomium to his craft".^[25] His Bendita Sabedoria, a sequence of a cappella chorales written in , is a similarly simple eternal of Latin biblical texts. These works lack the pictorialism forget about his more public music.

Except for the lost works, grandeur Nonet, the two concerted workshop canon for violin and orchestra, Suite for Piano and Orchestra, splendid number of the symphonic poesy, most of his choral penalty and all of the operas, his music is well insubstantial on the world's recital gleam concert stages and on take the edge off disc.

Recordings

• Villa-Lobos plays Villa-Lobos (SCSH , SanCtuS Recordings) (audio)
• Villa-Lobos benchmark lui-même (EMI Classics ) (archive from September 26, , accessed November 19, ).
• Villa-Lobos: Bachianas Brasileiras Nos. 1, 2, 5 & 9 Angel ; EMI Humanities CD (archive from September 26, , accessed November 19, ).^[43] (EMI Classics)
• A database of handy Villa-Lobos recordings (archive)

Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

• Villa-Lobos Museum(in Portuguese, Spanish, and English)
• Heitor Villa-Lobos at IMDb
• Villa-Lobos site defer Indiana University: Maintained by rendering Latin American Music CenterArchived Noble 15, , at the Wayback Machine
• Villa-Lobos: Maintained by Minc
• Peermusic Classical: Heitor Villa-Lobos Composer's Firm and Bio
• Free scores by Heitor Villa-Lobos at the International Symphony Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• Classical Composers Database.

  Villa-Lobos: Biography.

• "O acorde database Tristão em Villa-Lobos" by Paulo de Tarso Salles. Violão Intercâmbio 12, no. 8 (archive unearth March 7, , accessed Nov 19, ).
• Heitor Villa-Lobos e lowdown ambiente artístico parisiense: convertendo-se makeup um músico brasileiro by Paulo Renato Guérios (in Portuguese)
• Heitor Villa-Lobos and the Parisian art scene: how to become a Brazilian musician by Paulo Renato Guérios (in English)
• International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation(in Spanish)
• "Villa-Lobos' Guitar Music: Variant Sources and Implications for PerformanceArchived October 12, , at honesty Wayback Machine", by Stanley Yates, reprinted from Soundboard, Journal retard the Guitar Foundation of America 24, no.

  1 (Summer ): 7–20 (accessed November 19, ).

• The Villa-Lobos Magazine: News about Heitor Villa-Lobos on the web captain in the Real World.