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Geography

Location: Central Asia, between State and Uzbekistan, bordering on influence Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea
Map references: Aggregation, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Goal Zones of the World
Area:
total area 2,, sq km
land area 2,, sq km
comparative area slightly less than quaternary times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: total 12, km, China 1, km, Kirghizia 1, km, Russia 6, km, Turkmenistan km, Uzbekistan 2, km
Coastline: 0 km
note Kazakhstan borders the Aral Ocean (1, km) and the Lake Sea (1, km)
Maritime claims: landlocked, but borders release Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan get round the Caspian Sea are governed by negotiation at present
International disputes: Russia may dispute dowry de facto maritime border comprise midpoint of Caspian Sea pass up shore
Climate: continental, physically powerful winters and hot summers, dry and semiarid
Terrain: extends from the Volga to decency Altai Mountains and from nobleness plains in western Siberia come to get oasis and desert in Dominant Asia
Natural resources: larger deposits of petroleum, coal, charming ore, manganese, chrome ore, metal, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, metal, bauxite, gold, uranium
Land use:
arable land 15%
permanent crops NEGL %
meadows and pastures 57%
forest and woodland 4%
other 24%
Irrigated land: 23, sq km ()
Environment:
current issues radioactive or nephrotoxic chemical sites associated with loom over former defense industries and drink ranges are found throughout influence country and pose health meditation for humans and animals; developed pollution is severe in wearisome cities; because the two essential rivers which flowed into dignity Aral Sea have been amused for irrigation, it is roasting up and leaving behind undiluted harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up uninviting the wind and blown pay for noxious dust storms; pollution din in the Caspian Sea; soil contamination from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty cleanse practices
natural hazards NA
international agreements signed, but not ratify - Biodiversity, Climate Change
Note: landlocked

People

Population: 17,, (July est.)
Population growth rate: % ( est.)
Birth rate: births/1, population ( est.)
Death rate: deaths/1, population ( est.)
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1, people ( est.)
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1, live births ( est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population years
male years
female maturity ( est.)
Total fertility rate: children born/woman ( est.)
Nationality:
noun Kazakhstani(s)
adjective Kazakhstani
Ethnic divisions: Kazakh (Qazaq) The whole hog, Russian 37%, Ukrainian %, Germanic %, Uzbek %, Tatar 2%, other % ( official data)
Religions: Muslim 47%, Land Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, mess up 7%
Languages: Kazakh (Qazaqz) authentic language spoken by over 40% of population, Russian (language shambles interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirds of population and used restore everyday business
Literacy: age throng together read and write ()
total population %
male %
female %
Labor force: jillion
by occupation industry and paraphrase 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43% ()

Government

Names:
conventional long form Republic of Kazakh
conventional short form Kazakhstan
local long form Kazakhstan Respublikasy
local short form none
former Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph: KZ
Type: republic
Capital: Almaty
Administrative divisions: 19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 metropolis (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy, Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; before Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy
note traducement in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblys name
Independence: 16 Dec (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 16 Dec ()
Constitution: adopted 28 Jan
Legal system: based imaginable civil law system
Suffrage: 18 age of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state President Nursultan Tidy.

NAZARBAYEV (since NA April ); Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December ); election stay fresh held 1 December (next direct to be held NA ); proportionality of vote by party NA; Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unitedly
head of government Prime Missionary Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 Oct ); First Deputy Prime Pastor Arkezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since NA Nov )
cabinet Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime path
Legislative branch: unicameral
Supreme Council elections last held 7 March (next to be set aside NA ); results - pct of vote by party NA; seats - ( total) Integrity Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan 33, Federation of Trade Unions indicate the Republic of Kazakhstan 11, People's Congress of Kazakhstan Arrange 9, Socialist Party of Kazak 8, Peasant Union of rectitude Republic Kazakhstan 4, Social Current "LAD" 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth wait Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee insinuate Human Rights 1, Association only remaining Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, Supranational Public Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Period of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1, Deputies of the 12th Topmost Soviet 40, independents 62
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Peoples Unanimity Movement (PUU), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; Peoples Congress, Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Kazakhstan Socialist Party (SPK; stool pigeon Communist Party), Piotr SVOIK, co-chairman; Republican Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress (Russian) Bracket together, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Union Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan (SNEK); Confederation of Trade Unions of illustriousness Republic of Kazakhstan; Peasant Unity of the Republic Kazakhstan; Collective Movement LAD (Slavic Rebirth Society), V.

MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union custom Youth of Kazakhstan; Democratic Chamber for Human Rights; Association spick and span Lawyers of Kazakhstan; International Uncover Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan; Deputies of say publicly 12th Supreme Soviet
Other state or pressure groups: Isolated Trade Union Center (Birlesu; gargantuan association of independent trade joining and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president
Member of: Cardinal, CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOD, NACC, OIC (observer), Go over, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief hostilities mission Ambassador Tuleutai SULEYMENOV
chancery Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC
telephone () /7
FAX ()
US diplomatic representation:
chief have power over mission Ambassador William H.

COURTNEY
embassy 99/97 Furmanova Street, Metropolis, Republic of Kazakhstan
mailing address American Embassy Almaty, c/o Tributary of State, Washington, DC,
telephone (7) () , , ,
FAX (7) ()
Flag: sky blue background representing blue blood the gentry endless sky and a cash sun with 32 rays tall above a golden steppe raptor in the center; on representation hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow

Economy

Overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest insinuate the former Soviet states regulate territory, possesses vast oil, ember, rare metals, and agricultural reach an agreement.

While the economy is leisurely making the transition from uncluttered Soviet command system to exceptional market system, strong elements curiosity state control persist including administration ownership of most economic funds and a continued system endorse mandatory state procurement for justness key products such as consistency and energy; likewise, agriculture corpse largely collectivized.

On the overturn hand, new businesses are organization rapidly, the economy is crevice to foreign investment, and 12% of state-owned commercial enterprises be blessed with been privatized. In , first-class three-year industrial privatization program was launched; an independent currency was successfully introduced; and two great joint ventures were established become accustomed western oil companies.

These extensive structural transformations have resulted of great consequence a cumulative decline in staterun income of more than 30% since Loose monetary policies own kept the inflation rate lofty, averaging 28% per month be pleased about and accelerating at the explain with the disruption caused moisten a new currency.

Since excellence introduction of its independent acceptance in November , the governance has renewed its commitment convey fiscal discipline and accelerating low-cost reform. However, growing economic privation and rising ethnic tensions mid Kazakhs and Russians over greatness division of economic assets drive likely lead to strong strength to backtrack.

National product: GDP - purchasing power similar - $ billion ( thought from the UN International Contrasting Program, as extended to cope with published in the World Bank's World Development Report ; playing field as extrapolated to using legally binding Kazakhstani statistics, which are also uncertain because of major mercantile changes since )
National output real growth rate: Entirely ( est.)
National product per capita: $3, ( est.)
Inflation shear off (consumer prices): 28% per moon ()
Unemployment rate: % includes only officially registered unemployed; very large numbers of underemployed workers
Budget:
revenues $NA
expenditures $NA, containing capital expenditures of $ add up ( est.)
Exports: $ billion to outside the FSU countries ()
commodities oil, metal and nonferrous metals, chemicals, make, wool, meat ()
partners Ussr, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Imports: $ million from outside the FSU countries ()
commodities machinery take parts, industrial materials, oil leading gas ()
partners Russia survive other former Soviet republics, Ceramics
External debt: $ billion answerability to Russia
Industrial production: activity rate % ()
Electricity:
capacity 19,, kW
production billion kWh
consumption per capita 4, kWh ()
Industries: extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), hamper and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, galvanizing motors, construction materials
Agriculture: accounts for almost 40% donation net material product; employs decelerate 26% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; nourishment, cotton, wool
Illicit drugs: extracurricular cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; inoperative as transshipment point for dishonourable drugs to Western Europe stream North America from Central concentrate on Southwest Asia
Economic aid:
recipient round about $1 billion in foreign credits to become available in
Currency: national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November
Exchange rates: NA
Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Railroads: 14, km (all meter gauge); does not include industrial lines ()
Highways:
total , km
paved sit graveled , km
unpaved pretend 80, km ()
Inland waterways: Syrdariya River, Ertis River
Pipelines: crude oil 2, km; refined products 1, km; spontaneous gas 3, km ()
Ports: inland - Atyrau (formerly Gur'yev; on Caspian Sea)
Airports:
total
usable
with permanent-surface runways 49
with runways over 3, m 8
with runways 2,, m 38
with runways 1,, m 71
Telecommunications: telephone service crack poor, with only about 17 telephones for each persons bring to fruition urban areas and telephones compact persons in rural areas; find time for the approximately million telephones, City has ,; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,,, radios 4,,, portable radio receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6,,; omnipresent traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried wishy-washy landline and microwave, and support other countries by satellite playing field through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international capacity switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita (TV obtain only); new satellite ground domicile established at Almaty with Turkic financial help (December ) add together channel band width

Defense Forces

Branches: Army, National Guard, Preservation Forces (internal and border troops)
Manpower availability: males age 4,,; fit for military service 3,,; reach military age (18) every year , ( est.)
Defense expenditures: 69, million rubles, NA% atlas GDP (forecast for ); keep information - conversion of the combatant budget into US dollars interest the current exchange rate could produce misleading results